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Margaret Joan Holmes (née Read), AM (24 January 1909 – 10 September 2009) was an Australian peace activist, particularly during the Vietnam War and as part of the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship. She founded the (NSW branch ) of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1960, and in 2001 was made a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to the community. ==Biography== Margaret was born into a wealthy Sydney family, the eldest of five children, and grew up in Wahroonga. She attended The Women's College, University of Sydney, where she was the first female student to have a car, and studied medicine. While at university, Margaret became involved with the Christian Student Movement and identified with Christian pacifism. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science and in 1933 married a doctor, Dr. T.A.G. (Tag) Holmes, instead of becoming one. Margaret and Tag Holmes built a large family home on Military Road in what was then one of Sydney's outer suburbs, Mosman. Here Dr Holmes had his medical practice and they raised six children. At the beginning of World War II, as many Europeans escaped to Australia, the Holmeses established the "50-50 Club", a weekly social evening where "new Australians" could get to know the locals and better integrate into their new society. These cultural events were attended by many European artists and intellectuals, often with musical performances and national dishes from afar. However, as the threat of war entered the Pacific and blackouts and curfews were imposed in Sydney, the Holmeses were informed by the police that these gatherings should end. In 1959, Margaret made a world trip to attend the congress of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in Stockholm; She had come to know of this long-standing women's peace organisation in 1940 through articles in The Peacemaker written by (Eleanor Moore ). As there was no Sydney branch of WILPF at that time, she joined as an international member. This was to be the beginning of a long and active involvement with WILPF, including founding the NSW Branch when she returned from the congress. Her trip included travelling to Austria for an IFOR conference, to Russia (where she delivered smuggled bibles to the Moscow Baptist Church) and to India (at the invitation of Dr Sushila Nayar, whom she had met at the WILPF congress). It was in the 1960s during the Vietnam War when Margaret's activism became most public. She led demonstrations including the walk-out (details) and was a regular campaigner in downtown Sydney, participating in prayer vigils, candlelight vigils, public meetings and leaflet distribution. During this time she also became active in campaigning for Aboriginal rights and nuclear disarmament. Her biography, ''Margaret Holmes – The life and times of an Australian peace campaigner'', written by Michelle Cavanagh, was published in 2006. Her life has also been documented in various oral histories and other material, some of which is held by the Australian War Memorial. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret Holmes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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